LOM Rapid Prototyping Process, Advantages and Limitations
Laminated Object Manufacturing, commonly known as LOM, is a rapid prototyping process based on sheet lamination. It was developed in 1986 by Michael Feygin of Helisys in the United States. The process builds parts layer by layer by bonding sheet materials such as paper or plastic film, then cutting each layer to shape.
In the LOM process, each sheet is pre-coated with a layer of hot-melt adhesive. During production, a heated roller presses the new sheet onto the previous layer to create a bonded structure. A CO2 laser then cuts the profile of the part and the surrounding frame on the bonded layer. The excess area is cross-cut into a grid pattern so it can be removed more easily after the build is complete.
After one layer is cut, the work platform lowers, a new sheet is fed into the processing area, and the material is pressed and bonded again. The platform then returns to the cutting position, and the laser cuts the next cross section. This sequence is repeated until all layers have been laminated and cut. Once the build is finished, the excess material is removed, leaving a solid layered part.
How the LOM Process Works
1. Material feeding
A sheet material such as paper or plastic film is fed into the build area.
2. Layer bonding
A heated roller presses the new sheet onto the previous layer using hot-melt adhesive.
3. Laser cutting
A CO2 laser cuts the part outline and the outer frame of the current layer.
4. Cross-cutting excess material
The unused area around the part profile is cut into a grid pattern for easier removal after the build is complete.
5. Repeating the cycle
The platform lowers, a new sheet is fed, and the cutting and bonding process continues until the full part is built.
6. Post-build removal
The excess laminated material is removed to obtain the final prototype part.
Advantages of the LOM Process
Fast production of thick-walled parts
Because LOM cuts only the outline of each section instead of scanning the entire cross section, it can produce thick-walled parts more quickly than some other rapid prototyping methods.
Suitable for large parts
The process is well suited for manufacturing relatively large prototypes.
Low risk of warpage
Since there is no major material phase change during the process, the risk of warpage is reduced.
No separate support structures required
The excess material surrounding the part acts as natural support during the build, so additional support structures are generally not needed.
Limitations of the LOM Process
Material waste
A significant amount of sheet material is consumed and later removed, which leads to waste.
Poor surface quality
Compared with other rapid prototyping processes, LOM parts usually have lower surface quality and may require additional finishing.
Conclusion
LOM is a sheet-based rapid prototyping process that builds parts by bonding and laser-cutting layers of material. It offers clear advantages for producing large parts and thick-walled structures, while also reducing the need for support structures. However, material waste and relatively poor surface finish remain its main disadvantages. For suitable applications, LOM can still be an efficient method for prototype development and concept verification.